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Hippolytus of Rome (170 – 235 AD) was the most important 3rd-century theologian in the Christian Church in Rome,〔 where he was probably born.〔Trigilio, John; Brighenti, Kenneth. (''Saints For Dummies.'' ) For Dummies, 2010. p. 82. Web. 20 Apr. 2011.〕 Photios I of Constantinople describes him in his ''Bibliotheca'' (cod. 121) as a disciple of Irenaeus, who was said to be a disciple of Polycarp, and from the context of this passage it is supposed that he suggested that Hippolytus so styled himself. However, this assertion is doubtful. He came into conflict with the popes of his time and seems to have headed a schismatic group as a rival Bishop of Rome.〔 For that reason he is sometimes considered the first antipope. He opposed the Roman bishops who softened the penitential system to accommodate the large number of new pagan converts.〔 However, he was very probably reconciled to the Church when he died as a martyr.〔 Starting in the 4th century AD, various legends arose about him, identifying him as a priest of the Novatianist schism or as a soldier converted by Saint Lawrence.〔 He has also been confused with another martyr of the same name.〔 Ironically, it is Pius IV who identifies him as "Saint Hippolytus, Bishop of Pontus" who was martyred in the reign of Alexander Severus through his inscription on a statue found at the Church of St. Lawrence in Rome and kept at the Vatican as photographed and published in Brunsen.〔(''Hippolytus and His Age'' ), Volume I, frontispiece, 1852, p. 424.〕 == Life == As a presbyter of the church at Rome under Pope Zephyrinus (199 – 217 AD), Hippolytus was distinguished for his learning and eloquence. It was at this time that Origen of Alexandria, then a young man, heard him preach.〔Jerome's De Viris Illustribus # 61; cp. Eusebius, ''Historia Ecclesiastica'' vi. 14, 10.〕 He accused Pope Zephyrinus of modalism, the heresy which held that the names Father and Son are simply different names for the same subject.〔"Saint Hippolytus of Rome." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 15 Aug. 2010 ().〕 Hippolytus championed the Logos doctrine of the Greek apologists, most notably Justin Martyr, which distinguished the Father from the Logos ("Word").〔〔 An ethical conservative, he was scandalized when Pope Callixtus I (217 – 222 AD) extended absolution to Christians who had committed grave sins, such as adultery.〔 At this time, he seems to have allowed himself to be elected as a rival Bishop of Rome, and continued to attack Pope Urban I (222 – 230 AD) and Pope Pontian ( 230 – 235 AD).〔 Under the persecution at the time of Emperor Maximinus Thrax, Hippolytus and Pontian were exiled together in 235 AD to Sardinia, and it is quite probable that, before his death there, he was reconciled to the other party at Rome, for, under Pope Fabian (236–250), his body and that of Pontian were brought to Rome. From the so-called chronography of the year 354 (more precisely, the ''Catalogus Liberianus'', or ''Liberian Catalogue'') we learn that on August 13, probably in 236 AD, the two bodies were interred in Rome, that of Hippolytus in a cemetery on the Via Tiburtina, his funeral being conducted by Justin the Confessor. This document indicates that, by about 255 AD, Hippolytus was considered a martyr and gives him the rank of a priest, not of a bishop, an indication that before his death the schismatic was received again into the bosom of the Church.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hippolytus of Rome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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